How dental plaque forms, its composition, and why it's the primary cause of dental disease.

Dental plaque is a biofilm of bacteria that constantly forms on tooth surfaces. Within hours of cleaning, bacteria begin colonizing teeth, producing a sticky matrix that adheres to enamel. As plaque matures, it becomes more complex and potentially more harmful. Plaque bacteria metabolize sugars to produce acids that demineralize tooth enamel, causing cavities. Along the gum line, plaque triggers inflammation that can lead to gum disease. Regular removal through brushing and flossing is essential.