Comprehensive orthodontic treatment after most permanent teeth have erupted.

Phase II orthodontic treatment typically begins once all or most permanent teeth have erupted, usually between ages 11-14. This comprehensive treatment uses full braces or clear aligners on all teeth to achieve final alignment, correct bite relationships, and optimize dental aesthetics. Common appliances include traditional metal braces, ceramic braces, self-ligating braces, and clear aligners (for appropriate cases). Treatment duration averages 18-24 months. After active treatment, retainers are essential to maintain results — typically full-time for 6-12 months, then nighttime wear long-term. The goal is a functional bite, aligned teeth, and a stable result.