Xenograft in Dentistry

Xenografts in dentistry are bone graft materials derived from animal sources, most commonly bovine (cow) bone. The organic components are completely removed through high-temperature processing, leaving a natural hydroxyapatite scaffold that closely resembles human bone architecture. Bio-Oss by Geistlich is the most widely researched and clinically used dental xenograft. The processed bovine bone mineral retains the natural porosity and interconnected structure of bone, providing an excellent osteoconductive scaffold for new bone ingrowth. Its slow resorption rate maintains graft volume over extended periods, which is advantageous for applications like sinus lifts and ridge preservation where volume maintenance is critical. Xenografts offer several advantages including unlimited availability, no donor site morbidity, consistent quality, and long shelf life. They are frequently combined with autogenous bone or growth factors to enhance biological response. Porcine (pig) and equine (horse) derived bone grafts are also available, offering similar osteoconductive properties. Religious and cultural considerations may influence material selection for some patients.