Pulp Capping Explained

Pulp capping is a conservative dental procedure aimed at preserving the vitality of a tooth when the pulp is exposed or nearly exposed due to decay or trauma. Direct pulp capping involves placing a biocompatible material directly on an exposed pulp to encourage healing and the formation of a protective dentin bridge. Indirect pulp capping is used when a thin layer of dentin remains over the pulp. Calcium hydroxide has traditionally been the material of choice for pulp capping, but mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and bioceramics such as Biodentine have shown superior outcomes in recent studies. These materials create an alkaline environment that stimulates reparative dentin formation and has antimicrobial properties. Success depends on several factors including the size of the exposure, the condition of the pulp, patient age, and the material used. Younger patients typically have better outcomes due to greater pulp healing capacity. Follow-up monitoring with vitality testing and radiographs ensures the tooth remains healthy. When successful, pulp capping avoids the need for root canal treatment.