Glass Ionomer Cement

Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a dental material formed by the reaction of fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder with polyacrylic acid liquid. It chemically bonds to both enamel and dentin without the need for adhesive systems, and it releases fluoride over an extended period, providing ongoing protection against secondary caries. Conventional GICs are used for cervical (neck of the tooth) restorations, liners and bases under other restorative materials, luting cements for crowns and bridges, and pediatric restorations. Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) incorporate a resin component for improved strength, aesthetics, and handling while retaining fluoride release and chemical bonding properties. Glass ionomer's unique ability to recharge with fluoride from toothpaste and professional treatments makes it particularly valuable for patients at high caries risk. However, it has lower strength and wear resistance compared to composite resin, limiting its use in high-stress areas. Newer high-viscosity glass ionomers show improved mechanical properties and are gaining popularity for posterior restorations in minimally invasive dentistry approaches.